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Sundown syndrome, or “sundowning,” is a common phenomenon in people living with dementia. It typically occurs during the late afternoon or evening, causing confusion, agitation, or restlessness. Understanding and managing this condition is crucial for caregivers and family members to provide appropriate support and ensure their senior loved ones’ wellbeing.
Learn What Sundown Syndrome Is
Sundown syndrome refers to a collection of symptoms that worsen during the late afternoon or early evening. While its exact cause isn’t fully understood, it’s believed to be linked to the body’s internal clock, or circadian rhythm. Factors such as fatigue, low lighting, and hormonal changes may exacerbate these symptoms. Seniors experiencing sundowning may display behaviors such as pacing, yelling, aggression, or repetitive questioning, which can be distressing for both seniors and caregivers.
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Identify Triggers
Identifying triggers is a key step in managing sundowning. Each senior is unique, so you need to observe patterns and determine what might be causing or worsening the symptoms. Common triggers include:
- Changes in routine or environment, such as moving to a new room or facility
- Bright lights or excessive noise in the late afternoon
- Hunger or dehydration from missing meals or drinking too little water during the day
- Emotional overstimulation from visits or activities earlier in the day
Keeping a journal to document your loved one’s actions, surroundings, and behaviors can help uncover environmental or situational factors leading to these episodes.
Establish a Consistent Routine
A predictable daily routine can reduce confusion and anxiety for dementia patients. Try to maintain consistency in the timing of activities such as meals, exercise, naps, and bedtime. Having structure can minimize agitation, as your loved one knows what to expect.
Additionally:
- Schedule stimulating activities during the morning or early afternoon when your loved one is likely to have more energy.
- Ensure a restful environment during the later hours by lowering noise, dimming bright lights, and avoiding sudden changes.
Creating a sense of familiarity and calm can alleviate some of the symptoms associated with sundowning.
Manage the Environment
The physical environment plays a notable role in sundowning episodes. Certain adjustments can promote a sense of comfort and reduce stimuli that lead to distress:
- Lighting – Use soft lighting during the evening to avoid darkness, which can trigger confusion or fear. Consider using nightlights.
- Noise control – Limit disruptive sounds like loud electronics or conversations.
- Comfort items – Personal objects like favorite blankets, photos, or music can help your loved one feel secure.
Creating a calming environment reduces agitation and helps your loved one feel more settled as the day transitions to night.
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Support Sleep and Rest
Poor sleep can worsen sundown syndrome symptoms, so prioritizing restful sleep is essential. Encourage activity during the day to tire your loved one while avoiding naps late in the afternoon. Limit caffeine and sugary snacks in the evening, as they can disrupt sleep patterns.
A bedtime ritual—such as listening to soothing music or engaging in gentle relaxation techniques—can help your loved one feel calm and ready for sleep. Address issues like discomfort or bathroom needs to prevent nighttime awakenings.
Stay Calm and Patient
Caregivers play a vital role in soothing dementia patients during these episodes. Staying calm, using a gentle tone, and avoiding confrontation is critical when responding to agitation. Offer reassurance through words or by holding your loved one’s hand. Redirecting focus to a pleasant activity or memory can also defuse the situation.
Remember to practice self-care as a caregiver. Dealing with sundowning can be exhausting and emotionally taxing. Seek support from other family members or professionals when needed.
Caring for seniors with dementia can be challenging for family caregivers. Luckily, there is dementia care Columbus families can rely on. Professional dementia caregivers help seniors with dementia stay safe and comfortable at home by preventing wandering, providing cognitive stimulation, and assisting with household chores. Assisting Hands Home Care will work with you to tailor a care plan that’s just right for your loved one’s needs. Call one of our friendly Care Managers today to learn more about our customized care plans.
